mysql安装
下载选择包地址
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发,属于 Oracle 旗下产品。MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一,在 WEB 应用方面,MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System,关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。
MySQL是一种关系型数据库管理系统,关系数据库将数据保存在不同的表中,而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内,这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。
与其他的大型数据库例如 Oracle、DB2、SQL Server等相比,MySQL [1] 自有它的不足之处,但是这丝毫也没有减少它受欢迎的程度。对于一般的个人使用者和中小型企业来说,MySQL提供的功能已经绰绰有余,而且由于 MySQL是开放源码软件,因此可以大大降低总体拥有成本。
Linux作为操作系统,Apache 或Nginx作为 Web 服务器,MySQL 作为数据库,PHP/Perl/Python作为服务器端脚本解释器。由于这四个软件都是免费或开放源码软件(FLOSS),因此使用这种方式不用花一分钱(除开人工成本)就可以建立起一个稳定、免费的网站系统,被业界称为“LAMP“或“LNMP”组合。
# Centos7安装mysql
安装步骤分为以下几步
提示:源码编译环境存放路径可以随便哪里
我这里数据库安装目录 /data/mysql
# CV安装,了解安装过程,5.6.40
- 1,安装前期准备:
安装编译工具
yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf glibc bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake
#创建用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
#创建目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs,var,logs}
mkdir /data/mysql/logs/innodblog
#设置Dir 变量目录
Dir=/data
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- 2,下载源码包:
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz -O /opt/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz
5.7.20 需要多一个boost_1_59_0.tar.gz 包,需要下载点击: (opens new window)
5.7.20 mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz 包,需要下载点击: (opens new window)
- 3,解压:
cd /opt/ && tar xf mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz
- 4,编译:
5.6.40
Dir=/data #设置Dir 变量目录
cd mysql-5.6.40
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${Dir}/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=${Dir}/mysql/var/ \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=${Dir}/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=${Dir}/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
make -j $(nproc)&& make install
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5.7.20
Dir=/data #设置Dir 变量目录
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${Dir}/mysql/var \
-DSYSCONFDIR=${Dir}/mysql/var/ \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=${Dir}/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql.sock \
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0 \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
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- 5,修改my.cnf参数
5.7 my.cnf 配置和5.6 也有些许不一样,可以看我最后的shell 脚本
cat >>/etc/my.cnf<<OPO
[client]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
[mysqld]
basedir = /data/mysql/var
datadir = /data/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
user = mysql
pid-file=/data/mysql/logs/mysql-master.pid
skip-host-cache
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
log_error = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
long_query_time = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log
expire_logs_days=7
thread_concurrency = 16
thread_cache_size = 64
key_buffer_size = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 2048
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
query_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
join_buffer_size = 1024K
max_connections = 512
group_concat_max_len = 200000
low_priority_updates = 1
concurrent_insert = 2
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8MB
innodb_autoextend_increment = 8
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048MB
innodb_checksums = 0
innodb_commit_concurrency = 0
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 500
innodb_doublewrite = 1
innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_force_recovery = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 0
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4MB
innodb_log_file_size = 512MB
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/logs/innodblog
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
innodb_max_purge_lag = 0
innodb_mirrored_log_groups = 1
innodb_open_files = 300
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 0
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 1
innodb_support_xa = 0
innodb_sync_spin_loops = 20
innodb_table_locks = 0
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 111
log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/mysql-bin.log
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema
log-slave-updates
lower_case_table_names = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
#密码强度
#plugin-load=validate_password.so
#validate_password_policy=1
#validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#登录失败限制
#plugin-load-add=connection_control.so
#connection-control=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#connection-control-failed-login-attempts=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#connection_control_failed_connections_threshold=5
#connection_control_max_connection_delay=2147483647
#connection_control_min_connection_delay=1000
#不区分大小写,mysql8.0 二进制在初始化时指定
#lower_case_table_names = 1
#log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
OPO
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- 6,初始化数据库
5.6.40
Dir=/data #设置Dir 变量目录
cd ${Dir}/mysql/var
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=${Dir}/mysql/var --datadir=${Dir}/mysql/data --tmpdir=${Dir}/mysql/tmp
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5.7.20
Dir=/data #设置Dir 变量目录
cd ${Dir}/mysql/var && \
${Dir}/mysql/var/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=${Dir}/mysql/var --datadir=${Dir}/mysql/data --tmpdir=${Dir}/mysql/tmp
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- 7,加入系统启动
cp -a /data/mysql/var/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld && chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld && chkconfig mysqld on
- 8,启动数据库
service mysql start
日志路径:/data/mysql/logs/
# shell 脚本安装
# mysql 5.6.40
点击展开脚本
#!/bin/bash
#auther: yangfk
#设置你的数据库安装目录
Path=$(cd $(dirname $0); pwd)
read -p "默认的数据库工作路径在/opt,需要修改吗? " path
if [ ! -z ${path} ];then
Dir=${path}
echo "你的数据库工作路径在 ${Dir} "
else
Dir=/opt
fi
sleep 2
ping -c 1 223.5.5.5 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "请检查网路"
exit 1
else
echo "正常网络"
fi
yum install -y wget gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf glibc bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel cmake
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "安装依赖有问题,请检查"
exit 2
fi
id mysql
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M
fi
if [ -d ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40 ];then
echo "存在数据库基础目录"
else
if [ -e ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz ];then
echo "mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz安装包已经存在 "
else
wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz -O ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz
fi
MD5=ba337c0f41f11ed6875665e968c9e20f
Check=$(md5sum ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz |awk '{print $1}')
if [ ${MD5} == ${Check} ];then
echo "tar包下载成功!"
tar xf ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz -C ${Path}/
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "请检查你的二进制包位置${Path}/mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz"
echo "或者请检查你下载的安装包的大小完整是否31M"
exit 4
fi
else
echo "下载源码包有问题,请检查是否文件的完整性,或删除包,重新执行"
exit 3
fi
fi
[ -d ${Dir} ]||mkdir ${Dir}
[ -d ${Dir}/mysql/data ] || mkdir -p ${Dir}/mysql/data
[ -d ${Dir}/mysql/var ] || mkdir -p ${Dir}/mysql/var
[ -d ${Dir}/mysql/tmp ] || mkdir -p ${Dir}/mysql/tmp
[ -d ${Dir}/mysql/logs ] || mkdir -p ${Dir}/mysql/logs
[ -d ${Dir}/mysql/logs/innodblog ] || mkdir -p ${Dir}/mysql/logs/innodblog
chown -R mysql.mysql ${Dir}/mysql/
cd ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${Dir}/mysql/var -DSYSCONFDIR=${Dir}/mysql/var/ \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=${Dir}/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DWITH_SSL=bundled \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=${Dir}/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "cmake 不成功,请检查目录"
exit 5
fi
cd ${Path}/mysql-5.6.40 && make -j $(nproc) && make install
cd ${Dir}/mysql/var/support-files/ && cp -f my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf && cp -a mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chown -R mysql.mysql ${Dir}/mysql/
cd ${Dir}/mysql/var && ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=${Dir}/mysql/var --datadir=${Dir}/mysql/data --tmpdir=${Dir}/mysql/tmp
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
echo "请检查脚本初始化数据库用户目录故障"
exit 6
fi
echo "test" >> ${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
chown -R mysql.mysql ${Dir}/mysql/
echo "export PATH=${Dir}/mysql/var/bin:\$PATH" >>/etc/profile
cat >>/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service<<OPO
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=${Dir}/mysql/var/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
OPO
#重定向配置
cat >/etc/my.cnf<<OPOO
[client]
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
[mysqld]
basedir = ${Dir}/mysql/var
datadir = ${Dir}/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
user = mysql
pid-file=${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql-master.pid
skip-host-cache
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
log_error = ${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
long_query_time = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow_query_log_file = ${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log
expire_logs_days=7
thread_concurrency = 16
thread_cache_size = 64
key_buffer_size = 128M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 2048
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
query_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
join_buffer_size = 1024K
max_connections = 512
group_concat_max_len = 200000
low_priority_updates = 1
concurrent_insert = 2
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 8MB
innodb_autoextend_increment = 8
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048MB
innodb_checksums = 0
innodb_commit_concurrency = 0
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 500
innodb_doublewrite = 1
innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_force_recovery = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 0
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4MB
innodb_log_file_size = 512MB
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir = ${Dir}/mysql/logs/innodblog
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60
innodb_max_purge_lag = 0
innodb_mirrored_log_groups = 1
innodb_open_files = 300
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 0
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 1
innodb_support_xa = 0
innodb_sync_spin_loops = 20
innodb_table_locks = 0
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
log-bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
server-id = 111
log-bin = ${Dir}/mysql/logs/mysql-bin.log
binlog-ignore-db = mysql
binlog-ignore-db = test
binlog-ignore-db = information_schema
binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema
log-slave-updates
##密码强度
#plugin-load=validate_password.so
#validate_password_policy=1
#validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#
##登录失败限制
#plugin-load-add=connection_control.so
#connection-control=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#connection-control-failed-login-attempts=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#connection_control_failed_connections_threshold=5
#connection_control_max_connection_delay=2147483647
#connection_control_min_connection_delay=1000
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
OPOO
systemctl enable mysqld.service
echo "启动数据库请输入: systemctl start mysqld.service 或者 service mysqld start"
echo "数据库目录${Dir}/mysql下"
echo '执行 source /etc/profile 生效环境变量'
echo "安装成功,请自己创建密码"
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查看my.cnf 启动顺序
mysql --verbose --help | grep my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf > /etc/mysql/my.cnf > /opt/mysql/var/my.cnf(安装路径) > ~/.my.cnf
# 多实例配置,启动
#!/bin/bash
mkdir -p /data/330{7..9}
touch /data/330{7..9}/my.cnf
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<OPO
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
log_error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log-bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
server_id=7
port=3307
[client]
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
OPO
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<OPO
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log_error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log-bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
server_id=8
port=3308
[client]
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
OPO
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<OPO
[mysqld]
basedir=/application/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
log_error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log-bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
server_id=9
port=3309
[client]
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
OPO
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysql \
--defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf \
--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysql \
--defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf \
--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data
/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--user=mysql \
--defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf \
--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/330*
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf &
#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
#mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
#mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
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# 5.7.38
wget http://download.yfklife.cn/blog/dba/mysql/1-install-mysql-5.7.20.sh
cp 1-install-mysql-5.7.20.sh 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
#调整boost包
sed -i 's#boost_1_59_0.tar.gz#mysql-boost-5.7.38.tar.gz#g' 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
sed -i 's#/usr/local/src/mysql_boost/boost_1_59_0#/usr/local/src/mysql_boost/mysql-5.7.38/boost#g' 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
#调整mysql版本
sed -i 's#mysql-5.7.20#mysql-5.7.38#g' 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
#添加cmake参数 "-DWITH_SSL=system"
grep -q DWITH_SSL=system 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh || sed -i '/DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306/a-DWITH_SSL=system \\' 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
#下载mysql包,脚本和包在同级目录
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38.tar.gz
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-boost-5.7.38.tar.gz
#开始安装
bash 2-install-mysql-5.7.38.sh
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# 安全配置参数记录
#不区分大小写
lower_case_table_names = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
#密码强度
#plugin-load=validate_password.so
#validate_password_policy=1
#validate-password=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
#登录失败限制
plugin-load-add=connection_control.so
connection-control=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
connection-control-failed-login-attempts=FORCE_PLUS_PERMANENT
connection_control_failed_connections_threshold=5
connection_control_max_connection_delay=2147483647
connection_control_min_connection_delay=1000
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO
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# 个人存储下载地址。。。
wget mysql-5.6.40.tar.gz
#5.7.20 脚本下载
1-install-mysql-5.7.20.sh
mysql-5.7.20.tar.gz
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
mysql-boost-5.7.38.tar.gz
mysql_rpm-5.7.20.sh
# mysql 8.0.32-bin-centos7
mysql-8.0.32-bin.tar
#wget mysql-5.7.20-1.x86_64.rpm
#wget mysql-5.7.38-1.x86_64.rpm
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